Overview

• Alcohol ⇒
  • Causes miscarriage, stillbirth, infant mortality, congenital abnormalities, preterm delivery, SGA.
  • Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders with later neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
• Smoking ⇒
  • Damage to umbilical cord, increased risk of ectopic, placental abruption, miscarriage, preterm birth, increased foetal mortality.
• Cannabis ⇒
  • Preterm labour, SGA, increased NICU admission.
• Cocaine ⇒
  • PROM, placental abruption, preterm birth, SGA.
• Opioids ⇒
  • Toxaemia, microcephaly, respiratory problems, mortality, behavioural problems, SGA, 3rd trimester bleeding.
  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) → opiate exposure in utero triggers postnatal withdrawal syndrome.
    • Causes baby irritability, hypertonia, seizures, feeding difficulties, emesis, respiratory distress, tremors, loose stools.

Making Diagnosis

Clinical Features

Investigations

Management Plan

Complications →

Prognosis →