Overview

• AKA Nosocomial Infections, are infections that are contracted 48 hours after hospitalisation and that were not present or incubating at the time of admission
• Risk Factors → age >70 years, lengthy hospital stays, foreign bodies (eg. catheters, mechanical ventilation), recent antibiotic use, metabolic diseases (especially diabetes), immunosuppression
• Common Causative Pathogens
  • Surgical Site Infections ⇒ E.coli and S.aureus
  • Nosocomial Pneumonia ⇒ S.aureus and P.aeruginosa. Can also get Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  • Nosocomial UTIs ⇒ E.coli
  • Bloodstream Infections ⇒ S.aureus
  • GI Infections ⇒ C.difficile
  • Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection or Catheter-Associated UTI
• Multidrug-Resistant Organisms → bacteria that are resistant to ≥1 antimicrobial agent
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Making Diagnosis

Management Plan