(Clinical Imaging) (Cancer)

Overview

• Majority are Transitional Cell Carcinomas (Urothelial Carcinoma)

  • SCC in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic (middle east) or long term catheterisation (>10yrs)

• 6th most common cancer in Men

• M>F, most common in people >65 yrs old

• Risk Factors → Smoking (biggest RF in the west), aniline dye stuffs, pelvic radiation, chronic UTIs, positive family history for bladder cancer

  <aside> 💡 Smoking = most important risk factor.

  </aside>

• Painters and Hairdressers at risk

Making Diagnosis

Clinical Features:

• Haematuria → gross painless, macroscopic haematuria is most common
• Dysuria → associated with aggressive bladder cancer
• Urinary frequency & urgency

Investigations:

• Cystoscopy + Biopsy → key to diagnosis. Visualises bladder tumours and enable pathological diagnosis.
• Urinalysis → 1st line bedside. Haematuria.